MYRA FATIMA
The writer is a student
of NUML University.
CONTENTS
|
S.No |
Titles |
Page no |
|
1 |
INTRODUCTION
|
1 |
|
2 |
CRITICAL
ANLYSIS |
9 |
|
3 |
CONCLUSION |
|
|
4 |
REFERENCES |
11 |
“IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE AND
LITERATURE IN OUR SOCIETY”
1.INTRODUCTION
Culture
and literature is the element of society without these two elements the society
cannot survive.These are the key of life survival and success or through these
two, the social live of every society is depend.Culture and literature not only
is the key to develop society, but it also show the identity of every society
or groups.Literature and element of culture is the compulsory part of society
because it can show the structural images of society.
The interaction between these two, literature and culture and their
impact on each other is clear and undeniable, and this is not limited to a
specific geography,or land this is without it. In fact this, interaction can be
observed in all over the world. As a matter of fact that,culture is consist of
people beliefs, traditions,customs,religion,social values in any society,while
the literatureon the other hand, discloses these elements in term of different
literature,also including fictions,non fictions and it can be in the form of to
satirize any social issue or to expose worst and bad images of society.
So, literature is impacting on cultures values while they are connected to each
others in many aspects.Butit is also found difficult to measure the impact of
culture in different dimensions of people.Culture establish a situation and
make the process in which the environment and economic, political, social and
technological revolutions occurs according to the situation and condition.
Since, cultural changes guide the societies direction and then transmits it
into to the future generations and cultural innovation can protect society from
destruction or because it is the identity of society through which every
society is identify by the other societies and then through this factor they
can communicate with each other and make relations from each other.
There are some elements present inside the culture that are in harmony with
each other and shape some beliefs, values, these elements can be develops by
means of literature. In fact, culture is the outcome of a society, culture
elements, are rooted strongly in the thoughts people living in a society. There
is no doubt the relationship between literature and culture makes their growing
vigorously possible in society. In fact this is the bilateral relationship.Culture
develops a situation in which writers,authors and poets can growing themselves
and literature for society.Also it canmakes the new ways for world globally to
approach,and it can helps society or its people to establish their new thought
in different components of any culture.In the real words literature refers to written works like
fiction, non fiction ,poetry, drama, criticism, expressions, sentiments that
are considered to have permanent artistic value in a society. Where as culture
refers tomediums such as customs, social values, fashion, trends, traditions,
festivals or current events that have artistic value.
a.Definition of Culture and Literature
There
are the following definitions of culture and literature.
Culture:
. “Culture is a collective
programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category
of people from another”.
.“Culture is the social behaviour and norms found in the
human societies”.
.“Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively
large group of people”.
.“Culture is cultivated behavior that is the totality of a
person learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted behavior
through social learning”.
Literature:
. “It is the writing in
which expression are forms,which connects with the ideas of permanent and
universal interest, which are characteristic or essential features, as poetry,
novels, history, biography, and essays ant etc”.
.“Literature is Basically focus on
the entire body of writings of a specific language,topic, period, and people of
the society”.
. “It provides writing skills to a
person through which they can point out worst and good things ofsociety”.
. “Literature is the written structure
which is used to show the expressions, it is also include sentiments and
criticism”.
b.Concept of Culture
The
concept of the culture ispresent in the society people, as society is follow it
to full fill their traditional rituals.Culture is a wider concept of societies and world as well which have the
impact on literature,so in this context it will
be considered in terms of its relationship with literature.There are the
following four elements which can be considered as the components of culture:
.Norms.
.Values.
.Institutions.
.Antiques.
Thus in the teaching of cultural concept in the society plays different roles.
Firstly, it serves either as illustration or a starting point for study and
mediation of cultural phenomena. It is understood as part of a specific foreign
civilization, thus by learning about the social, historical, linguistic and
other cultural implementations in literary texts specifics of the foreign Culture
are being mediated.
Secondly,Culture is the representative of society identifications.It depends
that it is current or based on history civilizations or historical backgrounds
of any society.
Thirdly,the concept of culture is mostly used by the different societies to
protect their civilizations.And to make sure that their civilization history is
being represents their old traditional sign.As they wants it alive always in
next generations or make them easy for new generations through which they
canlearn the cultural values of their forefathers traditions.
c.Concept of Literature
The
conceptof literature is mostly more common in Asia.Asian give it more
importance.It is the concept which express feelings and emotions of any
society. From old history to until now, the role of literature in every society
is undeniable because it is the platform for writer or a key through which they
can express their work to point out the social issues.Value of literature is
increasing day by day now in today society.
The role of literature is to establishing pretty and mind splendor of people.Literature
is not composed of specific shapes,structure of writing, as a matter of fact,
it can be generalized to any written and nonwritten material from one
generation into another one.The significance of the literature is that it is
based on the societies issues and it is not be under the boundary
lines.Literature is a concept in a society which have deep impact
on society.
Standard written in any society are important and there is a high correlation
between society and literature.The literature is useful element for expressing
humanistic and social values.which is true in its words and provides rich
opportunity especially for writers community.The real purpose of literature is
human beings familiarity and through this element people raises their voice to
provide them their rights.
Although literature help us by means of teaching critique, solidarity, empathy
and kindness.It provide many ways for one society to emerging its structure
positively around the world. Literature not only results from the society, but
also has an effect on it. Because it is not only reconstruct life and its
values on the society, but also it is responsible to give the shapes to it as
well.
d.Importance of Culture and Literature In
Our Society
Cultures and literature is
commonly famous in a Pakistani society people of this country gives it more
value and importance.The concept of culture and literature is quite balanced in
this society significantly as the value of these two society elements is
balanced in Pakistani society.Pakistani culture is very diverse.there are the
differences in culture among the ethnic groups in matter as food,dresses,and
religion as ethnic groups living in Pakistani society.
When we talk about culture separately, It is basically revolve around the ideas
and skills of a group or society. In Pakistan, there are many cultures of
different tribes,groups,communities to blend to form a unified nation. Pakistan
is having a multiple cultures in its society.And these different cultures
influences the lives of citizens and tourists by providing them beautiful
memories they will cherish forever and people who are living in Pakistan have
great passion to follow their forefathers culture.Pakistani cultures originate
from the past of families and are carried on through tradition in a next coming
generations.It is the quality found mostly in the Asian countries which have
serious sentiments for their culture.Bycelebrating the accomplishments of their
past and history Pakistani nation remember what is important to them through
their people.religion,values,food,customs and traditions.
Pakistan, as compared to other nations and states, is a
relatively small state separated in 1947. Its native indigenous literature is
rich in its form and art is seen to be diverse.The concept of culture is rich
in its society geographically Pakistan is the centre of Asia and it is the God gifted
land for Pakistani nation also it is the representative of rich multiple
cultures.There are the four big cultures of Pakistani societies and these are
following:
.Sindhi culture
.Punjabi culture
.Baluchistan culture
.Kpk culture
These cultures are further divided into many types because it is depends on its
area. Pakistani society give importance to their culture by showing it in their
traditions, events and on religious festivals for this purpose they use
different tools like foods and dresses.
The literature of Pakistani is basically focus on the social issues of our
society while it is work like the mirror which show the reality in written
expression Pakistani issues are mostly rely on its literature this is because
its provide the opportunity through which people can raise their voices and
give critics on the different issues.In Pakistani society,literature is some
times more better than physical protest. It is because it can put the deep
impact on the learner mind. One of the famous Pakistani writer “Sadat
Hassan Manto” was the great example of it.His work on Pakistani
literature not only put the deep impact on the Pakistani society but it is also
forced people to study his literature because he writes the deep meanings in
his work.Most of the Pakistani societies cannot accept the harsh words used by
him in his work.There are the following reasons of this:
Reasons
.They did not want to see the real images of society that’s
why they reject Manto work.
.Most of them see the real conditions of society and its
issue but did not ready to accept it.
.Some of the people and other writer rejects it because
it can be the reason of spreading the mischief in the society.
Pakistani languages
Pakistani
languages are the representative of different societies living in
Pakistan.There are the huge collection of languages present in our society
which is spoken by the people of different areas. As I mention upper about the
list of different cultures of Pakistan in these cultures, many languages are
spoken like Urdu, Sindhi, Punjabi, Pashton, Siraiki, Kashmiri,Balochi, Pahari and
,Hindko etc.
Different native languages carry their own flavour and
their literature is vast. Although various Pakistani generations have produced
their literature that are clear reflection of their very culture as they are
trying their best to show clear image of their culture to the world.
Value of Urdu Literature
Pakistani
culture is rich in the literature of Urdu, Punjabi ,Sindhi ,Baluchi, and
Kashmir languages. As like the culture of Pakistan, literature is also
diverse.Urdu literature is the masterpiece of Maulana Azad, Iqbal, Altaf
Hussain Hali, ,Mirza Ghalib ,Sadat Hassan Manto, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and many
more.Their writing styles are unique.Urdu is greatly influenced by the Arabic
and Persian languages, while most of the words of Urdu are taken from many
others languages its includes Arabic,Persian,Turkish,Iirani in Urdu language
take their roots from “Sanskrit and Prakrit”.
Urdu is the match of many languages as it is also the language of interaction
in Pakistan.The people in Pakistan are mainly found to be reluctant when it
comes to examine the dilemmas of literature of any foreign language mostly
because people of its society cannot accept it actually and they did not want
to give space to another literature in their society and in their culture
pattern.They only want from other people of their society, that they can
understand their own literature.
Urdu literature, writings in the Urdu language of
the Muslims of Pakistan and India. It
is written in the “Persian Arabic” script,
and with a few major exceptions, the literature is
the work of Muslim writers who take their themes from the life of the Indian
subcontinent. Poetry was mostly known in Arab before when it is coming into the
subcontinent later poetry was most famous in the subcontinent more than Arab
and from this era poetry and literature is become famous and known in India and
Pakistan.In Urdu literature there are many types of poetry and story lines is
present in it it includes Gazal.Nazam,Urdu,dramas, fictions stories and Humor
stories.Although Urdu literature of Pakistan is full of different types of
material and its reflects the Pakistani urban and Rural society. Urdu
literature was stimulated by nationalist, panIslamic, and socialist feeling,
and writers from the Punjab began to contribute more than those from the
traditional Urdu areas of Delhi and Lucknow it is also because Urdu is the
national language of Pakistan.
Value
of English Literature
In Pakistani English literature is
found in the large quantity it is based on the society Structure .In a modern
society the roots of English are more stronger.Urdu is the national language of
Pakistan and English is one of the other official languages.The language has a
history going back to the British colonial rule in South Asia.When Pakistan got
independence and Britishers left the subcontinent physically but their rules
and language effects are also present till now in the Pakistani society as
their format is also use today in Pakistani society like the rule of
constitutions and political method of Pakistan has the similarity with British
methods.
So, in this light the English literature impact is also present in Pakistani
society but it is learn by only elite class mostly. In our country, Pakistani English literature
would be a very long challenge and task for the English writers to develop its
importance among people of this society.
In Pakistan,on English literature one of work done by famous writer and
columnist Dr. Tariq Rahman .His work on the languages and literature shows
importance of literature.One of his Title “ History of Pakistani
Literature in English”.is the best and strong comprehensive volume
about English literature and of its history. Also according to Professor. Alamgir
Hashmi,Pakistani English Literature refers to literature in English that has
developed and evolved in Pakistan, as well as among members of the Pakistani
diaspora who write in English language.
People of Pakistan society are more interested to study Urdu literature because
of indigenous concepts.Most of them not understand English language, that why
they give more priority to study Urdu literature.But now in this era of
technology interest is developed among them and they starting study the English
literature.
2.CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Literature and culture is the important part of society.In our society
most of the people give importance to Urdu literature than English because of
indigenous factor.The question is that It is only because of indigenous
factor?some time also the question is raised when we talk about indigenous
literature that, Are the societies more serious about their own indigenous
literature too?even they are not because it can tell the truth about every
thing instead of thinking that is it in the favour of someone or not.
Literature reflects the society real face by express them in written
form.Literature is not good or bad that are we which can make them good or bad
by using it in our work.As I also discussed upper that “Manto” work is based on
the society bad truths were he is a voice of helpless people, no doubt that his
work in literature is undeniable, but Pakistani society mostly rejects his work
especially the writer community by saying that he is spreading mischief between
societies.But Did he himself give the opportunity to people to mud bounce on
him?Yes he himself, by drinking Alcohol, and this bad habit of him is actually
catch by his opponents against him and used it as a tool.Even he never caress
that he is Muslim too.On one side he is raising his voice in social issue
through literature work and on the other side he is adopting bad habit of
drinking alcohol.It is the human nature that they can see one bad quality
instead of see ten good qualities in one
person.
This is actually the culture of our society in which they can only see what
they actually want to see,In our society people give more importance to Urdu
Literature, Only elite class is interested in study of English literature and
value it. Why only elite class give it more important and not indigenous
people? it is because they actually did not want abroad qualitative concept to
roots in our society and the coming generation learn from it.It is the
Propaganda, because English literature can create the awareness in people to
understand what is good or bad for them and for their societies.Promotion of
our Literature and culture is internationally important but we ourselves are
living in this conflict of cast system and give more priority to the personal
desires more than give benefit to whole society.
3.CONCLUSION
The
concept of culture and literature have a meaningful place in every
society.Without these elements and concepts a society cannot survives.It is the
important element of every society.It can actually protect the art and
civilizations of old ages ,in Pakistan and also in world societies it is
valuable.The Relationship
between literature and culture is a bilateral relationship, becauseculture is composed
of traditions,festivals,beliefs, values, and customs which createsa valuable
literature materials and it is provided the way through which the literature is
develops in the society.Therefore culture considers these materials as its
achievements and enrich materials as a general rule, we should believe that
literature is independent of the culture of society and also it is without the
factor of limits and boundaries.
Literature is based on different conditions of society it have not only one
significance and background like culture.impressions of Culture could not
change but it can develop new traditions time by time while the impression of
literature is changeable according to conditions and situations.Culture is
enriched and full of achievements and focusing on nations history, it becomes
clear that the glory of different cultures and great civilizations of world
depends on different factors. One of important factors is literature which has
important impact on elegance of people.
In Pakistani society,there are a direct relationship between literature and
culture is found both of them are in harmony with each otherand depend on each
other. The culture includes the beliefs,values,of society and literature,on the
other hand, expresses them in different literature shapes.Both are valuable in
our society as people understand its importance and study the English and Urdu
literature.It is also because Pakistan is full of multiple cultures so that
literature concept in its society is more broad and brighter.
4.REFERENCES
This topic information is taken from many resources including book,article
and websites.
.https://www.britannica.com/art/Urdu-literature
.https://dailytimes.com.
.https://www.dictionary.com/browse/literature
.https://www.lanqua.eu/theme/literature-and-culture
.https://www.prachyareview.com
.https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org
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