NUZHAT MEHMOOD
writer is student of NUML University Islamabad
Ø Abstract.
Ø Abbreviation
11
Ø Introduction
o Significance
of the study
o Methodology
o Review
of Literature
o Organization
of the atudy
Ø Chapter
1:
Ø Fall
of Musharf and Election of Zardari:
Ø Formation
of federal government.
Ø Restoration
of judiciary and Murree Declaration.
Ø Governor
rule in Pujnab and NRO.
Ø 18th,
19th , 20th Amendment.
Ø Removal
of PM as well as Zardari Presidency .
Ø Political
development
Ø Chapter
2:
Ø General
election.
Ø Economic
and political development.
Ø Long
March.
Ø Panama
case (2016_ 2019) .
Ø Analysis
:
Ø 8.Conclusion
:
Ø References:
__________________________
Acknowledgment
I’m very thankful to Allah Almighty the most
merciful and beneficent. His blessings enabled me to achieve my goals.
Tremendous veneration is for his prophet Hazrat Muhammed ( PBUH). Who is
forever torch of guidance and knowledge for the who humanity? I also by myself
deep sense of gratitude to my superior respective sir Ayaz department of
Pakistan studies NUML Islamabad for his valuable contribution, guidance,
necessary academic help and useful suggestion in the preparation of this
thesis. His constant encouragement throughout my studies.
I’m thankful to my respective faculty members and
staff of department Pakistan studies for their cooperation and encouragement.
I’m also obliged to my family members and friends
whose cooperation was a great source of moral and academic encouragement for me
to complete my research work.
ABSTRACT
The Pakistan has been very overwhelming. From last
five decades Pakistan has not been successful to progressing equilibrium, the
reason was fighting among the provinces and federal and center Gov. And also
continue conflict with India for many reason. Pakistan is danglingdictatorship
and democracy since it’s independence. Also revolving around finance baking and
secular polices during the war against terrorism and cold war. Pakistan recent
decade demonstrate state of emergency and assassination of former PM Benazir
Bhutto. The continue unstablenessindicate the unsuccessful system of Pakistan.
BREVIATION
Gov: Government
PM: prime Minister
PPP: Pakistan people party
PML(N): Pakistan Muslim league
CM: chief Minister
ECP:Election Commission of
Pakistan
INTRODUCTION
Significance if the study:
Political and constitutional development in Pakistan
(2008_2018) are briefly discussed in the research paper. Different events of
zardari era and important amendments highlighted here. Nawaz shrief empowerment
and j
His downfall also discussed in research paper. The
study will be focused on the following hypothesis.
·
What were the amendments of 18th,
19th and 20th of constitution.
·
What’s factors caused the downfall of
Nawaz shrief downfall
·
What was the political development
during this period (2008 2018)
Methodology:
This study is basically the
collection of library books. The material which is collected for the research
work through different article and resources.
Review of the literature:
I have gone through the number of
books articles published in various journals .All this enabled research work to
develop a systematic and coherent approach in systematic manner.
Organization of the study:
First chapter indicate the fall of
Musharf and election of Zardari. Chapter two focused on the Amendment of
constitution. Chapter 3 indicate the removal of PM as well as President Zardari.
Chapter four indicate the empowerment of Shriefand his downfall.
FALL OF MUSHARF AND ELECTION OF ZARDARI
When the election held at February 2008, the PPP won
by one_ third of seats, while PML_ N gain one_ fourth seats. The two parties
Pakistan people party and Pakistan Muslim league formed alliance Gov. In March.
During 2008 Nawaz shrief and Zardari both led movement to denounce Musharaf. As
the result Musharf resigned from his office to avoid the public embarrassment.
At the end Nawaz withdraw his party so Zardarieasily won 2008 presidential
election.
Formation of federal government.
PPP and PML ( N) agreed for power sharing treaty at
the center as well as provinces.
Initially Pakistan Muslim league did not agree for
join the cabinet at center. Afterward PML(N) agreed to form the federal Gov.
With PPP and ANP and also in the province. So a federal cabinet of 24 ministers
from the partnershipof PPP, PML(N), ANP was pledged in. The cabinet included
eleven ministers from PPP, nine from PML(N) two from ANP one from each FATA and
JUI( F).
Restoration of judiciary and Murree Declaration :
·
As March 9, 2007 will be memorized as a
black day in the judicial history of Pakistan, same 9 March 2008 will be
remembered as a day of jubilance in the political history of Pakistan. It was
shocking that PPP and PML(N) did agreement to restore the deposed judges within
30 days of the formation of Government. This is called “ Murree Summit
Declaration”. The main text of declaration are under
·
The parties agreed that all allied
parties will fully support the candidate appointed by PPP for prime Minister
rank. PML(N) suggested that the PM will be like that person who can take ahead
common agenda of all parties.
·
The parties did commitment that the
speaker and deputy speaker of National Assembly would be from PPP while for
Punjab Assembly would be from PML(N).
·
Both agreed that PML(N) would be govern
federal Gov. And. PPP would be run Punjab Government.
·
This was solid statement of both parties
for forming the government.
The sessions of national and
provincial assemblies be convened instantly.
GOVERNOR RULE IN PUNJAB AND NATIONAL
RECONCILIATION ORDINANCE
The president Asif Ali Zardari
using the Article 234 and on the advice of PM proclaimed emergency in the
province of Punjab. Which read as under,
Whereas I Asif Ali Zardaripresident of Islamic
country on the report of Governor of Punjab and other information related to it
made me able that I’m satisfied the situation in Punjab aren’t accordance the
provisions of constitution. But Governor rule entitled by huge crackdown in
Punjab. Many workers of political parties were arrested but later Zardari,
Gilani and Sharifmet one another for the settlement of governor rule in Punjab.
However 5 member bench of Supreme court goes through from this crisis on 31
March 2009 and restored Shahbaz Sharif as the CM of Punjab.
NRO:
National Reconciliation Ordinance issued by previous
president of Pakistan General Pervez Musharfon 5 October 2007. It permittedamnesty
to political workers and politicians, bureaucrats who were impeachedof
corruption, embezzlement, murder and money laundering between 1 January 1986,
and 12 October 1999,the time between two states of martial law in Pakistan. So
Supreme court after analyzing it declared unconstitutional act on 16 December
2009. It throw the country into political crisis.
18th, 19th,
20th Amendments
18th Amendment:
The committee said to it’s members that submit their
proposals for the amendments of to the Constitutionon 10 August 2009. So
committee get 982 suggestions through this process. The 18th
amendment superseded, modified, excluded, fluctuated so it become the most
extensive amendment in the history of Pakistan Constitution. The salient
feature of 18th Amendment are,
·
The legal framework order 2002 and it’s
various amendments made by lawful authority so it must be replaced.
·
The 17th Amendment of
constitution 2003 was abrogated.
·
The province named “ North west
frontiers” named as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
·
Most significant clause (2) to article 6
has been made to postulate that an act of high betrayal would not be validated
by any court.
Fundamental
Rights :
·
Article 10A provides full a fair of civilian
rights and responsibilities.
·
Article 19A was bordering the right of
citizen to have access to information in all matters of public benefit and
importance
·
Article 25 was added for the age of 5 to
16 year for free and compulsory education.
One
of the main consequences of 18th amendment that Governor authority
give great sovereignty under the constitution, but the 18th
amendment failed to response the demand of smaller provinces and it’s language
like Pushto, Punjabi, Balochi, Sindhi.
19Th
Amendment:
The
Constitution 19th Amendment was approved by Parliament in 2010 at
the end of December. It was allowedto by the President on 1 January 20111. In
this amendment act discussed as under,
·
Article 81 was modifiedto include the
judges of Islamabad high court amongst the persons whose revenue and
expenditure would be charged upon the Consolidated fund.
·
Article 182 was amended that appointment
of ad hoc judges of the Supreme Court was made by Chief Justice of Pakistan.
·
According to article 213 the
Parliamentary committee for nominationof the chairman and the members of the
ECP is required, twelve members out of 1/3 would have form senate
·
Article 246 was about Tribal areas connectingto
LakkiMarwat and Tank Districts within the meaning of federally administered tribal
areas
20Th Amendment:
In order to resolve the previous constitution
issues twentieth Amendment act was promulgated on 28 Feb 2012. As a result
following improvements in the Constitution come about
·
Article 48 providing for holding of
general elections to National Assembly, appointment of caretaker cabinet in
accordance with the provisions of article 224.
·
Articles 214, 215, 216 were modified to
bring the requirements of these articles in the proper context of election
commission of Pakistan.
·
Another amendment was made in article 224
interesting reserved seats for women or non _ Muslims in the National Assembly
or a provincial assembly .
REMOVEL
OF PM GILANI AS WELL AS PRESIDENCY
Of
ZARDARI
After
years of confronting and resisting the Supreme Court of Pakistan rulings to
replace the corruption cases against Benazir and Asif Ali Zardari he was sureby
the Supreme Court of violating the article 63 (1) (g) of the constitution of
Pakistan, the verdict was affected by the Supreme court when it found him the guilty
of contempt of court for refusing to reopen corruption cases against President
Asif Ali Zardari. Finally on 19 June 2012 he was disqualified and deposed by
the Court from holding office anymore.
As
Justice Iftikharchaudhry clarifying that Gilani had ceased to be PM and ousted from
membership of parliament on 26 April 2012.
Presidency
of ZardariPakistan:
Asif
Ali Zardarion 8 September 2013 become
the first president who complete his tenure. And hand over the power to another
elected president Mamnoon Hussain. His achievements are that the credit of modified
the 18th Amendment goes to him, he also tried to strengthen the
federation and democracy in Pakistan. His policy of reconciliation kept the
minority government together for five years was amazing .his failures are
marked by terrorism, natural disaster of
2010. Economy growth declined to less than three percent per year.
Inflation was also in high peak during his era. Social services like health and
other cost were far away from the reach of poor. So at last his five year of
presidency cycling around the Unemployment, debt , poverty, terrorism, foreign
investment disappeared and the country was isolated regionally and mistrusted internationally
.
NAWAZ SHRIEF ERA ( EMPOWERMENT )
The Election commission of Pakistan had won 124
seats in parliament. So Nawaz Shrief took oath on 28 May an the Fifteen
anniversary of Nuclear test as a Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Long March:
After the empowerment of Shrief the first worst
situation that Nawaz Shrief had faced the Long March by Imran khan.Tahir_ul_Qadari
and supported of AwamiMuslim league claim that Nawaz must resign because the
election of 2013 manipulated. They also declare that Nawaz running the Gov. Of patronage
in which his all relative related with power of Pakistan like his brother
Shahbaz as cabinet Minister. But Nawaz with support of majority parties of
parliament said PML(N) that election had been free and fair from rigged in
history of Pakistan. The March led by Imran khan was biggest protest in the
history of Pakistan. This March continue throughout the region of Nawaz Shrief.
Economic and Political Development:
Sharief after become the PM campaigned on a promise that
he will construct motorways , ending load shedding, karachi Peshawar high speed
road, he also claim that Pakistan will make diplomatic relation ( peaceful)
with India that seemed so far.
Shrief Government led rangers operation in Karachi
for the elimination of crime and terrorism.
After the Shrief visit in China in July, it was
announced premiere Li Kiqiangthat china would invest $31.5 billion to Pakistan.
Panama Case:
On 2016 Panama paper case leak according to this
Nawaz Shrief family had millions of dollar in UK and around the world.
On 15 April 2016, the Gov. announced an
investigation by an injury commission of all Pakistan named in the documents.
28 July 2017 court announced and disqualified Shrief
from his office that he done dishonesty with country. And also claimed for
corruption charges on Shrief's family.
In 2018 Pakistan Supreme Court announced that shrief
no more hold office for whole life due to Panama paper case.
On 6 July 2018 federal judicial complex of Pakistan
punished Nawaz Shrief to ten years prison.
On February 2019 Islamabad high court rejected the
Shriefbail plea on medical. According to
report he had four minor attack. However later in March Nawaz has allowed for
his health recovery during the period of six weeks.
ANALYSIS
Pakistan facing troubles, terrorism, political
crisis and democracy dictatorship power since independence. So the roots of
Pakistan history is not reliable. Every field that involves in politics has
fault like judiciary always favor those who has massive power.If at the start
of Independence there was special step has been taken for the stability of
Pakistan political policy, then it could be overcome those issues. If we talk
about Zardari Although he completed his tenure of five year in the history of
Pakistan but he also failed for provide basic requirements of Country. Same
case with Nawaz Shrief period. As Nawaz Promised start of his tenure that he
turn Pakistan into “ Asian Tiger” with
Zero Corruption but the Situation was opposite of it. There were also criticism
on Nawaz Shrief Economic boom with China, in January 2017 Economist wrote about
Nawaz Shrief spending on infrastructure.
CONCLUSION
As earlier discussed that political and
constitutional development in Pakistan is not stable. There are many reason behind
it. First of all Constitution that Pakistan had followed at his Independence
previous British constitution. We must focused on according to our requirement
and should designed Constitution with legal amendments. Second in the political
system of Pakistan the democracy and Army playing game hide and seek, mean if
Democracy come and start to flourish suddenly dictatorship overcome and dismissed
democracy. Its badly affected Pakistan political background and future also. If
we through the light on the era of Asif Ali Zardari And Nawaz Shrief same
events happen with them. If both leader as earlier were patronage but when they
indulge in power seeking, they get chance for power and indulge in Corruption
and money laundering. If we talk about their political achievements as compare
with Failure the result is disappointed. There would be such criteria that can
stable Pakistan political development. Rules and regulation must be imposed. If
anyone even leader done any type of misdeeds the judiciary must took action
against him or her. Authority /judiciary ordered for strict punishment for any
type of crime.
REFERENCES
·
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_constitution_of_Pakistan
·
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif
·
https://history_pak.com/Asif_ali_zardari
·
https://www.bbc.com/news/world_asia_22167511
·
https://tribune.com.pk/story/559625/nawaz_Sharif_a_political_history?
·
https://www.britannia.com/place/pakistan/The_Third_administration_of_Nawaz_sharif
·
Judges and Murree Declaration/Dawn/July.4,2020.
https://www.dawn.com/news/843465/judges_murree_declaration
·
^NA passes 18th
Amendment Bill, PM felicitate the Nation 2012_03_18 at the way back machine,
Associated press of Pakistan,
·
“special Report after the Assassination”(2008_2013)
Dec 10, 2017
https://www.dawn.com/news/1374113
·
“ The Raise and Fall of Nawaz
Sharif” Nov 06, 2019.
https://www.dawn.com/news/1348024
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